十足目甲壳动物对笼壶的行为反应

Behavioral responses of decapod crustaceans to fishing pots

摘要:

随着笼壶渔业重要性的再度提升，十足目甲壳动物笼壶渔业的兼捕等问题成为渔业生态效应的关注热点。理解捕捞对象对笼壶及其构件的反应行为机制是优化渔获性能、改善生态效应的基础。本文从笼壶对十足目甲壳动物的唤起开始，将个体或群体对笼壶的反应行为划分为唤起、定位与接近、入口搜索、入笼、笼内和逃逸等6个阶段，通过量化相关行为指标，综述不同行为阶段中个体或群体对笼壶的行为模式与反应机制，分析不同阶段行为模式的主要影响因素及其对生态型笼壶渔具设计的潜在价值；并探讨了实验观察方法、行为阶段界定方法及行为指标量化方法等差异对理解个体行为模式所带来的困扰，为进一步开展符合渔业管理目标的生态友好型渔具设计提供思路与参考。

Abstract:

With the resurgence of pot fisheries, issues such as discards and mortality of bycatch species and sublegal-sized targets in decapod crustacean pot/trap fisheries have emerged as a central concern in the study of the ecological impacts of fishing. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the response behaviors of target species to pots and their components is critical for optimizing fishing performance, mitigating ecological impacts of the fisheries, and advancing sustainable fisheries management within an ecosystem-based framework. This review initiates with an extensive retrieval of existing literature, systematically categorizing the sequential behavioral responses, from initial bait attraction through capture or escape, of individual or grouped decapod crustaceans to pots into six distinct phases: arousal, location and approach, entrance search, entry, inside the pot, and escape. A standardized quantitative index system is proposed to evaluate the density and intensity of behaviors at each phase. Then, utilizing these behavioral metrics, this review synthesizes the response mechanisms and behavioral patterns exhibited by the main decapod crustacean species in major global commercial pot fisheries. Comparative analyses are conducted to elucidate interspecific variations in behavioral responses to different pot designs, while identifying the principal factors influencing behavioral patterns for each behavioral phase. Furthermore, this review explores the potential applications of these findings in the optimization of pot/trap design, including bait, entrance design, structural features, and escape devices. Such insights have significant potential for reducing bycatch, mitigating ghost fishing effects, and guiding the development of ecologically sustainable, eco-friendly pot designs. This review also addresses methodological challenges inherent in current research on decapod crustacean behavioral responses to pot/trap, particularly those arising from discrepancies in experimental observation techniques, phase delineation, and behavioral quantification methodologies. These challenges hinder a unified understanding of individual and collective behavioral patterns. By providing a critical evaluation of these limitations, this review additionally offers a conceptual framework and methodological insights for future research on marine organism behavioral responses to pot/trap, as well as for the development of pot/trap that aligns with the objectives of contemporary fisheries management and conservation strategies.