鱼类免疫增强剂的研究现状与进展

Current research status and progress of fish immunostimulants

摘要:

现代水产养殖业追求优质高产,但在大规模高密度的养殖生产中,往往会导致鱼体的抗应激能力下降,病害增多,成活率下降,造成重大经济损失.近年来,国内外学者对鱼类免疫机制及其病害防治方法已进行了大量研究,其中免疫增强剂因能增强机体抗疾病感染的能力,其免疫增强作用所需时间较短,且没有记忆成分,被认为是一种提高鱼体免疫活性及疾病抵抗力的有效方法,具有重要的应用价值.

Abstract:

Immunostimulants are valuable for the control of fish diseases. At present, it has already been a main tendency to discover and develop novel irnmunostimulants with characteristics of low toxicity, high efficacy, immediate efficacy and long-term efficacy. In this review, the definition, defense mechanism, categories and application of fish immunostimulants are introduced and fish immunostimulants are classified systematically according to their sources. Moreover, the latest literature about fish immunostimulants in detail were presented and reviewed and three methods for control of fish disease were compared： vaccination, chemotherapy and immunostimulants. Fish immunostimulants were thought to be safer than chemotherapeutics and their range of efficacy was wider than vaccination. They may be able to compensate for these limitations of chemotherapeutics and vaccines, thus they hold tremendous potential for use in fish culture to reduce losses from fish diseases. Meanwhile, concepts of use of fish immunostimulants were presented and principles for use were also noted. For aquaculture, this review provided a scientific reference for control of fish disease by immtmostimulants.