唐山湾海域渔业资源群落多样性分析

Study on the community diversity of fisheries resources in Tangshan Bay

摘要:

基于2012年5、8和10月对唐山湾海域进行底拖网渔业资源调查的资料，采用相对重要性指数、多样性指数及群落ABC曲线等分析方法，对3个季节渔业资源现状及群落多样性进行研究。结果显示：渔获物中共有海洋动物59种，其中鱼类27种，甲壳类17种，贝类7种，棘皮动物4种，头足类3种，多毛类1种；春季捕获35种渔获物，夏季36种，秋季37种；春季平均渔获率（质量）为3.50kg/h，夏季为13.68kg/h，秋季为16.99kg/h。研究表明：（1）渔获率及其组成季节差异明显。在生物量上，春季以头足类为主，鱼类与甲壳类次之；夏季甲壳类为主，鱼类次之；秋季鱼类为主，甲壳类次之。（2）渔获率空间分布季节变化明显，春季浅水区较深水区渔获率高，夏季深水区较浅水区高。（3）优势种季节变化不明显。（4）春季H’高于夏、秋季，深水区总体高于近岸浅水区。（5）ABC曲线分析可知，群落受到严重干扰。

关键词:渔业资源;生物多样性;种类组成;唐山湾

Abstract:

Tangshan Bay has been significantly affected by human activities.In order to research the situation and diversity of fishery resources community in Tangshan Bay,the species composition,spatial distribution,biodiversity,dominant species and ABC curves of the fishery resources were analyzed based on the bottom trawl survey data in May,August and November,2012.The results showed that 59 species were collected in the investigations,including 27 species of fishes,17 species of crustaceans,7 species of shell-fish,4 species of echinodermata,3 species of cephalopoda and 1 species of polychaetes;there were 35 species of the catch in spring,36 species in summer and 37 species in autumn;the catch rates(mass)in spring,summer and autumn were 3.50,13.68 and 16.99 kg/h,respectively.The study showed:(1)The catch rates and compositions in different seasons were obviously different.The biomass of cephalopods occupied the first place and the biomass of fish and crustaceans was slightly lower than cephalopods in spring;the biomass of crustaceans occupied the first place and the biomass of fish became the second in summer;the biomass of fish occupied first place and the biomass of crustaceans became second in autumn.(2)The spatial distribution of the catch rate showed significantly seasonal variation,the catch rate of the shallower waters was higher than that of the deepwater area in spring,while the deepwater area was higher than the shallower waters in summer.(3)The seasonal succession of dominant species was not obvious.(4)The biodiversity indices revealed that the biodiversity indices in spring were higher compared with those in summer and autumn,and the biodiversity indices in the shallow waters were higher compared with those in deepwater area.(5)The ABC curves indicated that the present community in Tangshan Bay was disturbed.

Key words:fisheries resources;biodiversity;species composition;Tangshan Bay