配合饲料和冰鲜鲢对大口黑鲈生长、血浆生化指标、抗氧化能力和组织学的影响

Effects of formulated diet and fresh frozen Hypophthalmichthys molitrix on growth, plasma biochemical index and antioxidant ability and histology of Micropterus salmoides

摘要:

为探讨不同来源饲料对大口黑鲈生长、血浆生化指标、抗氧化能力以及肝脏和肠道组织学的影响，实验选取初始体质量为（12.45±0.07） g的大口黑鲈180尾，随机分成2个处理，每个处理3个重复，每个重复30尾，分别投喂配合饲料和冰鲜鲢，养殖84 d。结果显示，配合饲料组大口黑鲈的增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）和饲料系数（FCR）显著低于冰鲜鲢组，而蛋白质效率（PER）、肝体比（HSI）和脏体比（VSI）显著高于冰鲜鲢组。大口黑鲈摄食配合饲料后，肝糖原含量显著高于冰鲜鲢组，肝脏蛋白酶活性显著低于冰鲜鲢组，而肌糖原和肠淀粉酶活性无显著差异。饲喂配合饲料组大口黑鲈血浆谷草转氨酶（AST）活性、血糖和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及Ca/P比值显著高于冰鲜鲢组，而血浆碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性以及总蛋白（TP）、甘油三酯（TG）、尿素、钙和磷含量显著低于冰鲜鲢组。各实验组血浆谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性以及胆固醇（TC）和胰岛素含量均无显著差异。配合饲料明显影响大口黑鲈肝脏和肠道的组织结构，饲喂配合饲料组实验鱼的肝脏空泡化现象严重，小肠绒毛受到严重机械性损伤。研究表明，在本实验条件下，冰鲜鲢更适合饲喂大口黑鲈，配合饲料不仅影响大口黑鲈的生长，而且损伤肝脏和肠道的健康。因此，可以借鉴冰鲜鲢的营养组成和大口黑鲈的代谢特性，深入研发大口黑鲈的饲料配制技术。

关键词:大口黑鲈;配合饲料;冰鲜鱼;生化指标;肝脏;肠道

Abstract:

To study the effects of different origins of feed on growth, plasma biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity, liver and intestinal histology of Micropterus salmoides, 180 largemouth basses[initial average weight (12.45±0.07) g] were randomly divided into 2 groups with three replicates at a stock density of 30, and commercial compound diet and fresh frozen Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were allocated to each of two groups of fish for a feeding period of 84 days. Results suggest that group with commercial compound diet behaves significantly lower than the other group on weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), with the same conclusion on the liver protease activities. And the former performs higher than the latter on protein efficiency ratio (PER), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) than the other group, similar to the hepatic glycogen contents. But significant difference disappeared in muscle glycogen and intestinal amylase activities between 2 groups. The AST activities, glucose (GLU) and MDA contents and Ca/P ratio of largemouth basses fed with commercial compound diet are significantly higher than those fed with fresh frozen trash fish group, but the activities of ALP, SOD, GSH-Px and the contents of TP, TG, UREA, Ca, P in plasma are significantly lower than fresh frozen trash fish group. No significant difference was observed in ALT, TC and insulin contents of plasma among all groups. The histological study showed that ultrastructure of the liver and the intestine in the commercial compound diet treatment were abnormal. Serious vacuolization in liver, the severe mechanical damage of intestinal villi were found in commercial compound diet group. The study, under given conditions, indicates that fresh frozen H. molitrix is more appropriate to feed M. salmoides compared with commercial compound diet. The latter not only affected the growth of largemouth bass but also did harm to the liver and intestine of largemouth bass. Therefore, feed formulation technology for largemouth bass could be further developed, referring to nutritional composition of fresh frozen H. molitrix and the metabolic properties.

Key words:Micropterus salmoides;feed;frozen fish;biochemical indexes;liver;intestine