益生菌与鱼类肠道健康研究进展

Research advances on probiotics and fish gut health

摘要:

集约化、高密度养殖已成为水产养殖业的发展趋势。在这种养殖模式下，如何保障鱼体健康是人们关注的焦点。20世纪80年代，益生菌在水产养殖行业中首次应用，这种环保且有效的水产养殖策略获得了业界的关注。目前，鱼类养殖中常用益生菌有芽孢杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属、乳球菌属和酵母菌属。添加的益生菌通过抑制病原微生物的增殖、改善鱼类肠道屏障完整性、调节肠道微生物组成和调控肠道免疫功能等作用维护鱼类肠道健康。但是，益生菌发挥功效的具体机制还需要更深入的研究。本文综述了目前鱼类养殖中益生菌的使用情况及其作用机制，同时也探讨了益生菌在水产行业中面临的挑战和未来发展方向。

关键词:鱼类;益生菌;肠道健康;肠道菌群;肠道屏障

Abstract:

How to keep the intestinal health of fishes in the intensive and high-density farming system is an important issue in aquaculture. In 1980s, probiotics were first used in fisheries. Application of probiotics has been regarded as an environment-friendly and effective strategy in aquaculture since then. At present, the commonly used probiotic microorganisms include Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp. and Saccharomyces. Probiotics maintain the gut health of fish by inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, improving the integrity of fish intestinal barriers, modulating the composition of intestinal microbiota and regulating the intestinal immune functions. However, more researches still need to be conducted to reveal the exact function of probiotics. Here, the application of probiotics and their possible mechanisms were summarized, and furthermore, the challenges and the future direction of probiotics in aquaculture were also discussed.

Key words:fish;probiotics;gut health;intestinal microbiota;intestinal barriers