棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”及珍珠龙胆的肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

Analysis and quality evaluation of nutritional components in the muscle of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. tukula♂ and E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂

摘要:

为确定母本棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”和杂交珍珠龙胆的肌肉营养成分并比较其差异，实验采用常规方法，依据国家标准对棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”及珍珠龙胆肌肉中的水分、蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸和10种矿物元素的组成与含量进行测定和评价。结果显示，3种石斑鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量分别为19.0%、20.2%和16.8%；3种石斑鱼氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸指数、鲜味氨基酸总量分别为(18.10%、18.53%、16.01%)，(7.52%、7.70%、6.32%)，(88.20、84.80、88.30)和(6.92%、7.13%、6.10%)；3种石斑鱼肌肉中粗脂肪含量分别为3.0%、4.2%和2.4%，其中珍珠龙胆DHA+EPA的含量为24.02%，杂交“金虎斑”DHA+EPA的含量为23.56%，棕点石斑鱼DHA+EPA的含量为22.76%；5种常量元素Na、K、Ca、Mg、P和5种微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se均有检出。研究表明，棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”及珍珠龙胆可以为人类提供丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、无机盐和矿物元素，是具有较高食用价值的优良海水养殖品种。其中杂交“金虎斑”在一些营养指标中明显高于母本棕点石斑鱼。

Abstract:

Grouper is a rare seawater fish with delicious taste and rich nutrition. In our previous study, we bred the hybrid “Jinhu grouper” with a growth advantage by crossing the frozen sperm of Epinephelus tukula and E. fuscoguttatus egg. The average weight of 1 age old “Jinhu grouper” was 559.76 g, 1.63 times that of the hybrid of E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂. In this study, the compositions and contents of water, protein, crude fat, ash content, amino acids, fatty acids and 10 mineral elements in the muscles of E. fuscoguttatus, E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. tukula♂ and E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂ were measured by conventional methods, according to the national standard. The crude protein contents in the muscles of E. fuscoguttatus, E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. tukula♂ and E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂ were 19.0%, 20.2% and 16.8% respectively. The total quantity of amino acids, essential amino acids, essential amino acid index and the fresh amino acids of these three groupers were (18.10%, 18.53%, 16.01%)，(7.52%, 7.70%, 6.32%)，(88.20, 84.80, 88.30) and (6.92%, 7.13%, 6.10%), respectively. The fat content in the muscle of three grouper was 3.0%, 4.2% and 2.4%, respectively; and the content of DHA+EPA in E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂ was 24.02%, the content of DHA+EPA in E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. tukula♂ was 23.56%, the content of DHA+EPA in E. fuscoguttatus was 22.76%. There are abundant mineral elements in the muscles of three grouper; five major elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg and P) and five trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Se) were detected. The research shows that E. fuscoguttatus, E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. tukula♂ and E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂ can provide abundant protein, fat, inorganic salt and mineral elements for humans, thus the three groupers are excellent mariculture varieties with high edible value. Moreover, some nutritional indexes of the hybrid E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. tukula♂ was significantly higher than the female parent E. fuscoguttatus.