水生遗传资源的价值构成

Value composition of aquatic genetic resources

摘要:

目的 水生遗传资源的可持续利用及惠益分享是《生物多样性公约》的核心议题，也是联合国关于国家管辖范围外区域海洋生物多样性养护与可持续利用协定的关键内容。然而，伴随水生遗传资源利用方式的发展，学者对其价值内涵的认知出现了分歧。这种分歧导致这一关键概念边界不清，给国际公约的适用与解释，以及国内相关法律制度的构建带来了诸多困难。因此，进一步明确水生遗传资源的价值内涵及价值构成非常必要。方法 本研究从水生遗传资源的价值实现方式出发，基于自然资源价值构成的总经济价值(TEV)框架，通过公开信息渠道收集、整理人类对水生遗传资源及其衍生物和数字序列信息的利用方式，分析了水生遗传资源的价值内涵及价值构成。结果 从价值实现方式出发，水生遗传资源的价值主要体现为商业开发价值、育种价值、生态价值、管理价值和文化价值。经典的TEV框架主要针对物种以上层面的自然资源价值实现方式进行分析，水生遗传资源的价值实现方式难以完全套用这一经典框架，特别是衍生物和数字序列信息的价值，难以纳入当前框架。结论 鉴于此，本研究适当修改TEV框架以更好地反映水生遗传资源的利用情况。具体而言，重新定义水生遗传资源的价值构成，分为消耗性使用价值、非消耗性使用价值和选择价值，以及存在价值和遗传价值。修改后的TEV价值构成框架能够更好地契合水生遗传资源的利用状况，有效弥合当前谈判和制度构建中关于水生遗传资源概念的分歧，从而更好地支撑水生遗传资源的价值评估，推动建立公平合理的水生遗传资源惠益分享机制。

Abstract:

The sustainable utilization and benefit-sharing of aquatic genetic resources (AGRs) is a key theme of the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as an important topic in the negotiation on an international legally binding instrument under the Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. While there is consensus on its significance, the the value composition of AGRs becomes challenging to define since its connotation continuously evolves with technological progress and new applications. Different opinions on its value composition have resulted in divergence in the conceptualization and difficulties in international negotiation as well as the framing of key mechanisms in domestic law. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the value composition of AGRs from the perspective of value realization. Specifically, it developed an approach to define and evaluate the value of AGRs based on Total Economic Value (TEV) framework. To assess the value realization of AGRs, information was collected and analyzed through publicly accessible information. By categorizing and evaluating the means to utilize aquatic genetic resources, as well as its derivative and digital sequence information through the collected information, it could identify the value of AGRs. The result showed that the value of AGRs could be realized through five significant ways: commercial development, breeding, ecological use, management, and cultural value. For commercial development, the current use of AGRs was found in the fields of medicine, cosmetics and health. Combining the results with the TEV framework found that the means to realize the value of AGRs were not completely consistent with those of natural resources at the above-species level. The classic TEV framework could not be used to fully cover the value of AGRs, especially the value coming from the use of derivatives and digital sequence information. To better frame the TEV model and allow this classic model to fully contain the value of AGRs, this article proposed the modification of the TEV framework to meet the utilization of AGRs. The value of AGRs could be then composed of consumptive use value, non-consumable use value, selection value, existence value, and genetic value under TEV framework. The non-consumptive value would entail more connotation than analysis on the above-species level, such as the use of AGRs for breeding and management purposes. In comparison to resources above-species level, the value of AGRs might be reflected more on the non-consumptive level. Given the particularity of the value realization of AGRs, the modified TEV framework matched the current usage of AGRs more than the classic model and could effectively address the conceptual divergence in AGRs in the negotiation and mechanism design. With better-framed value composition of AGRs, it can lay a solid foundation for the value assessment of AGRs and promotes the establishment of a fair and reasonable benefit-sharing mechanism in an international forum.