饲料中添加复合植物提取物对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏、肠道健康的影响

Effects of plant extract compound on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver and intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

摘要:

为研究饲料中添加由桑叶黄酮、栗木单宁和桑叶多糖组成的复合植物提取物对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏、肠道健康的影响 ，实验设计3个处理组，每组4个重复，分别投喂添加0、0.1%、0.2%复合植物提取物的等氮等脂饲料(J0、J1、J2)，养殖周期为56 d。结果显示，与J0组相比，J2组大口黑鲈的末均重、增重率及特定生长率分别显著提高8.34%、11.24%和5.88%；3组大口黑鲈机体粗脂肪、水分、粗灰分、钙和总磷，肥满度、脏体比均无显著差异，粗蛋白含量随着复合植物提取物添加量的增加呈上升趋势，与J0组相比，J2组显著提高5.61%；J1和J2组肝体比显著降低9.10%~10.28%，血清白蛋白含量和白蛋白/球蛋白值显著提高8.28%~12.62%和13.56%~23.73%，J2组血清球蛋白含量显著降低9.47%，J1和J2组血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和血糖含量分别显著降低31.25%~46.88%、7.69%~12.54%和20.90%~22.40%；J1和J2组胆固醇和甘油三脂含量呈降低趋势，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈升高趋势；J1和J2组肝脂空泡化程度显著降低22.89%~36.22%，肠道绒毛高度显著降低10.84%。研究表明，饲料中添加复合植物提取物能显著提高大口黑鲈的生长性能和改善其肝脏健康。

Abstract:

Largemouth bass has poor glucose metabolism. How to cope with liver sugar stress and inflammatory response of largemouth bass at high glucose level by nutritional means has become a research hotspot in recent years. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary plant extracts compound, including mulberry leaf flavonoids, chestnut leaf tannin and mulberry leaf polysaccharide, on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver and intestinal health of largemouth bass. Three treatment groups with 4 replicates in each group were fed isonitrogenous and isolipid diets (J0, J1 and J2) supplemented with 0, 0.1% and 0.2% compound plant extract, respectively. The largemouth bass was fed for 56 days. The results showed as follows: compared with group J0, the final average weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of largemouth bass in group J2 were significantly increased by 8.34%, 11.24% and 5.88%, respectively (P<0.05); There were no significant differences in body ether extract, water content, ash content, calcium and total phosphorus in J0~J2 groups (P>0.05), The crude protein content in group J2 increased by 5.61% compared with group J0 (P<0.05); The hepatosomatic ratio of J1 and J2 group was significantly decreased by 9.10%-10.28%, the serum albumin content and albumin/globulin value were significantly increased by 8.28%-12.62% and 13.56%-23.73%, and the serum globulin content of J2 group was significantly decreased by 9.47%. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activities and blood glucose content in J1and J2 groups were significantly decreased by 31.25%-46.88%, 7.69%-12.54% and 20.90%-22.40%, respectively(P<0.05). The contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in the J1 and J2 groups were decreased, while the contents of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased(P>0.05). The degree of hepatic lipid vacuolation was significantly decreased by 22.89%-36.22% in the J1and J2 groups, and the height of the intestinal villus was significantly decreased by 10.84%(P<0.05). In conclusion, the plant extract compound can significantly improve the growth performance and liver health of largemouth bass. The results provided a theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of plant extract compound in the diet of largemouth bass and provided a reference for the optimization of the diet formula of largemouth bass.