水产动物营养与免疫研究进展

Research progress in nutrition and immunity of aquatic animals

摘要:

营养与饲料对水产养殖的贡献越来越重要，饲料组成不仅影响水产动物的营养，而且会影响水产动物的免疫与抗病能力；而营养状况更是决定水产养殖动物抵抗疾病能力的重要因素之一。本文综述了近5年水产动物营养与免疫方面的主要研究进展，如：多种必需营养素 (蛋白质/氨基酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物元素)、添加剂 (酶制剂、植物精油、免疫多糖)、发酵饲料对免疫和抗病能力的影响等。提出了组学和生物信息技术在水产动物上的应用，将有利于探讨水产养殖饲料的营养含量、鱼类肠道菌群和由此产生的代谢产物之间的关系，为研究鱼类营养与免疫之间的复杂关系提供参考。

Abstract:

With the increasing importance of contribution of nutrition and feed science and technology to aquaculture, feed composition affects not only the nutritional status of aquatic animals, but also their immunity and disease resistance, and the former is one of the most important factors in determining the ability of aquaculture animals to resist disease. This paper reviews the major research progress in aquatic animal nutrition and immunity in the last five years, such as multiple essential nutrients (proteins/amino acids, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), additives (enzyme preparations, essential oils, immune polysaccharides), fermented feeds, and their effects on immunity and disease resistance. In our opinion, the application of omics and bioinformatics to aquatic animals will facilitate the exploration of the relationships among the nutritional composition of aquaculture feeds, the fish gut flora and the derived metabolites, and provide important technical support for the study of the complicated relationships between nutrition and immunity in fish.