鱼源杀鱼爱德华氏菌的研究进展

Research progress on Edwardsiella piscicida from fish

摘要:

杀鱼爱德华氏菌是一种广泛存在于水生环境中的病原菌，可感染多种经济鱼类并引发高死亡率，严重威胁水产养殖业的健康发展。该菌致病机制复杂，涉及多种毒力因子及调控系统。此外，杀鱼爱德华氏菌耐药性问题日益突出，防控面临一定挑战，虽然疫苗和抗生素为有效的防控手段，但其应用仍然存在一定局限。近年来，益生菌和中草药作为水产养殖的绿色防控手段，在抑菌和增强宿主免疫力方面展现出良好的应用潜力。未来需深入研究该菌的致病机制，开发新型疫苗及创新防控技术，以有效应对杀鱼爱德华氏菌对水产养殖业的危害。本文系统综述了鱼源杀鱼爱德华氏菌的生物学特性、致病性与流行特征、致病机制、毒力因子及其相关调控系统，以及现有的防控技术，为应对该病原菌对水产养殖业的危害提供参考资料。

Abstract:

Edwardsiella piscicida is widely found in the aquatic environment. It infects various economic fish and causes high mortality diseases, seriously threatening the aquaculture industry. The pathogenic mechanism of this pathogen is complex, involving various virulence factors and regulatory systems. The problem of drug resistance of E. piscicida is prominent, and prevention and control are facing particular challenges. Vaccines and antibiotics are the main means of prevention and control, but there are limitations. Probiotics and Chinese herbal medicines, as green prevention and control methods for aquaculture, show the potential to inhibit bacteria and enhance immunity. In the future, it is necessary to study the pathogenic mechanism of the bacteria further and develop new vaccines and prevention and control technologies to deal with the harm of E. piscicida. In this paper, the biological characteristics, pathogenicity and epidemic characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, virulence factors, virulence-related regulatory systems and prevention and control techniques of E. piscicida were comprehensively summarized, which provided reference materials for dealing with the harm of E. piscicida to aquaculture.